Calculator

IRS penalty & interest estimator.

An estimate of late-filing penalties, late-payment penalties and interest for individual federal returns (Form 1040), tax years 2022–2026. It runs in your browser: nothing you enter is sent or saved.

An estimate, not an IRS bill. For planning only. The ordinary IRS deadline for each tax year is used, including weekend and holiday shifts such as April 18, 2023 for 2022 returns. Your actual IRS balance may differ.

Your tax details

01The basics

Tax year

Tax still owed at the April deadline

After withholding, estimated payments, refundable credits and any payment made by the April deadline. Enter tax only, before penalties and interest. All amounts are in US dollars.

02Extension and filing

Did you file a valid extension by the April deadline?

No extension Yes, I filed an extension

Have you filed your return?

03Estimate date

Calculate through this date

Assumes you pay the remaining tax and charges on this date.

Payments and more options

Tax paid after the April deadline

Optional. Enter only the part of each payment that went to tax. Payments toward penalties or interest are outside this estimate.

Check the extension 90% payment exception

For a timely extension: at least 90% of the year’s tax paid by the April deadline and the rest paid with a timely return. Interest still applies. Your entries are checked before it is applied.

Annual interest rate for dates after December 31, 2026

A planning assumption only. Published IRS rates through 2026 are built in; later rates are not known yet.

Calculated in your browser. Nothing you enter is sent or saved.

Your estimate

Enter the tax you still owe to see your estimate.

You will see the remaining tax, each penalty and the interest, with the full calculation behind them.

Estimated balanceEstimate only

Remaining tax
Late-filing penalty
Late-payment penalty
Interest
Penalties + interest

Includes interest on tax and on the late-filing penalty. Interest on assessed late-payment penalties is not included.

See the calculation

Monthly penalties

Any part of a penalty month counts as a full month.

Period	Late filing	Late payment

Interest by quarter

Compounded daily on a 365-day year (366 in a leap year).

Quarter	Rate	Days	Interest

How it works

What is behind the number.

IRS rules and rates reviewed October 31, 2026

Late filing

A valid extension moves the filing deadline to October 16, 2023 for 2022 returns and to October 15 for 2023–2026 returns. The late-filing penalty is generally 5% per month for up to five months, reduced by the late-payment penalty for the same months. A minimum can apply after 60 days.

IRS: failure-to-file penalty

Late payment

The standard rate is 0.5% per month on tax still unpaid when each month begins, up to 25%. Payments lower the base for later months. An extension does not move the April payment deadline.

IRS: failure-to-pay penalty

Interest

Interest compounds daily, using the IRS quarterly rates for 2023–2026 and your assumed rate after that. Interest on tax starts at the payment deadline; interest on the late-filing penalty starts at the filing deadline.

IRS: quarterly interest rates

Assumptions, exclusions and penalty relief

This is a planning estimate for ordinary individual federal income tax returns, tax years 2022–2026. It uses the ordinary IRS deadlines: April 18 and October 16, 2023 for 2022 returns, and April 15 and October 15 of the following year for 2023–2026 returns. Disaster, overseas and combat-zone adjustments, and the April 17, 2024 deadline for Maine and Massachusetts filers, are not included.

Not included: estimated-tax underpayment penalties (Form 2210), state taxes, business-return penalties, fraud or accuracy penalties, amended-return assessments, installment-agreement rate reductions, levy rate increases, bankruptcy, and interest on assessed late-payment penalties. Payments you enter are applied to tax only. Actual IRS payment allocation and rounding may differ.

The late-filing penalty uses the tax unpaid at the original April deadline, even if it was paid later. After 60 days the minimum is the smaller of that unpaid tax or $450 for returns due in 2023, $485 in 2024, $510 in 2025, $525 in 2026 and $535 in 2027. The minimum can exceed the usual percentage cap.

Penalty relief may be available depending on your circumstances. No first-time abatement or reasonable-cause relief is assumed, apart from the optional extension payment exception. IRS: penalty relief

More sources: IRS penalty manual (IRM 20.1.2) · IRS interest rules. The rates are a reviewed snapshot, not a live feed. Confirm current rules before relying on an estimate.

An estimate is a starting point.

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